Question # 1
what are common files on a web server that can be misconfigured and provide useful
Information for a hacker such as verbose error messages? | | A. httpd.conf | | B. administration.config | | C. idq.dll | | D. php.ini
|
Explanation: The php.ini file may be a special file for PHP. it’s where you declare changes
to your PHP settings. The server is already configured with standard settings for PHP,
which your site will use by default. Unless you would like to vary one or more settings,
there’s no got to create or modify a php.ini file. If you’d wish to make any changes to
settings, please do so through the MultiPHP INI Editor.
Question # 2
This wireless security protocol allows 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and
cryptographic tools to protect sensitive data, such as GCMP-2S6. MMAC-SHA384, and
ECDSA using a 384-bit elliptic curve. Which is this wireless security protocol? | | A. WPA2 Personal | | B. WPA3-Personal
| | C. WPA2-Enterprise | | D. WPA3-Enterprise |
Explanation: Enterprise, governments, and financial institutions have greater security with
WPA3-Enterprise. WPA3-Enterprise builds upon WPA2 and ensures the consistent
application of security protocol across the network.WPA3-Enterprise also offers an optional
mode using 192-bit minimum-strength security protocols and cryptographic tools to raised
protect sensitive data:• Authenticated encryption: 256-bit Galois/Counter Mode Protocol
(GCMP-256)• Key derivation and confirmation: 384-bit Hashed Message Authentication
Mode (HMAC) with Secure Hash Algorithm (HMAC-SHA384)• Key establishment and
authentication: Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) exchange and Elliptic Curve Digital
Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) employing a 384-bit elliptic curve• Robust management
frame protection: 256-bit Broadcast/Multicast Integrity Protocol Galois Message Authentication Code (BIP-GMAC-256)The 192-bit security mode offered by WPA3-
Enterprise ensures the proper combination of cryptographic tools are used and sets a
uniform baseline of security within a WPA3 network.
It protects sensitive data using many cryptographic algorithms It provides authenticated
encryption using GCMP-256 It uses HMAC-SHA-384 to generate cryptographic keys It
uses ECDSA-384 for exchanging keys
Question # 3
Bob wants to ensure that Alice can check whether his message has been tampered with.
He creates a checksum of the message and encrypts it using asymmetric cryptography.
What key does Bob use to encrypt the checksum for accomplishing this goal? | | A. Alice's private key | | B. Alice's public key | | C. His own private key | | D. His own public key |
Question # 4
Cross-site request forgery involves: | | A. A request sent by a malicious user from a browser to a server | | B. Modification of a request by a proxy between client and server | | C. A browser making a request to a server without the user’s knowledge | | D. A server making a request to another server without the user’s knowledge |
C. A browser making a request to a server without the user’s knowledge
Explanation: https://owasp.org/www-community/attacks/csrf
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is an attack that forces an end user to execute
unwanted actions on a web application in which they’re currently authenticated. With a little
help of social engineering (such as sending a link via email or chat), an attacker may trick
the users of a web application into executing actions of the attacker’s choosing. If the victim
is a normal user, a successful CSRF attack can force the user to perform state changing
requests like transferring funds, changing their email address, and so forth. If the victim is
an administrative account, CSRF can compromise the entire web application.
CSRF is an attack that tricks the victim into submitting a malicious request. It inherits
the identity and privileges of the victim to perform an undesired function on the victim’s
behalf. For most sites, browser requests automatically include any credentials associated
with the site, such as the user’s session cookie, IP address, Windows domain credentials,
and so forth. Therefore, if the user is currently authenticated to the site, the site will
have no way to distinguish between the forged request sent by the victim and a
legitimate request sent by the victim.
CSRF attacks target functionality that causes a state change on the server, such as
changing the victim’s email address or password, or purchasing something. Forcing the
victim to retrieve data doesn’t benefit an attacker because the attacker doesn’t receive the
response, the victim does. As such, CSRF attacks target state-changing requests.
It’s sometimes possible to store the CSRF attack on the vulnerable site itself. Such
vulnerabilities are called “stored CSRF flaws”. This can be accomplished by simply storing
an IMG or IFRAME tag in a field that accepts HTML, or by a more complex cross-site
scripting attack. If the attack can store a CSRF attack in the site, the severity of the attack
is amplified. In particular, the likelihood is increased because the victim is more likely to
view the page containing the attack than some random page on the Internet. The likelihood is also increased because the victim is sure to be authenticated to the site already.
Question # 5
Mary found a high vulnerability during a vulnerability scan and notified her server team.
After analysis, they sent her proof that a fix to that issue had already been applied. The
vulnerability that Marry found is called what? | | A. False-negative | | B. False-positive | | C. Brute force attack | | D. Backdoor |
Explanation:
https://www.infocyte.com/blog/2019/02/16/cybersecurity-101-what-you-need-to-knowabout-
false-positives-and-false-negatives/
False positives are mislabeled security alerts, indicating there is a threat when in actuality, there isn’t. These false/non-malicious alerts (SIEM events) increase noise for already overworked
security teams and can include software bugs, poorly written software, or
unrecognized network traffic.
False negatives are uncaught cyber threats — overlooked by security tooling because
they’re dormant, highly sophisticated (i.e. file-less or capable of lateral movement) or the
security infrastructure in place lacks the technological ability to detect these attacks.
Question # 6
George, an employee of an organization, is attempting to access restricted websites from
an official computer. For this purpose, he used an anonymizer that masked his real IP
address and ensured complete and continuous anonymity for all his online activities. Which
of the following anonymizers helps George hide his activities? | | A. https://www.baidu.com | | B. https://www.guardster.com
| | C. https://www.wolframalpha.com | | D. https://karmadecay.com |
B. https://www.guardster.com
Question # 7
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has alerted the network administrator to a possibly
malicious sequence of packets sent to a Web server in the network’s external DMZ. The
packet traffic was captured by the IDS and saved to a PCAP file. What type of network tool
can be used to determine if these packets are genuinely malicious or simply a false
positive? | | A. Protocol analyzer | | B. Network sniffer | | C. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) | | D. Vulnerability scanner |
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